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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been established as a minimally invasive treatment modality and has been adopted worldwide for the treatment of early GI tract cancer. However, aspiration pneumonia, a sedation-related adverse event, is reportedly detected on postoperative CT images in 32.0% of cases after esophageal ESD
Continuous liquid-suction catheter attachment for endoscope reduces volume of liquid reflux to the mouth in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Clinical symptoms in the majority of patients are often mild, but symptoms can become serious in elderly patients. Furthermore, because the number of endoscopic treatments for elderly patients is expected to continue to increase in the future, a new strategy is needed to prevent aspiration pneumonia associated with liquid reflux and saliva retention in the oral cavity.
Herein, we introduce a continuous saliva suction tube that can be used during endoscopy (Salsuction; Fujifilm Medical Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) (Fig. 1; Video 1, available online at www.giejournal.org). Not only is this device disposable and easy to set up with a mouthpiece (Fig. 2A), it also has 3 other advantageous features. First, it can be directly connected to the tube of the aspirator. Second, the soft tip of the suction tube has multiple slits on its side, making it difficult for the tip to stick to the oral mucosa and cause damage (Fig. 2B). Third, the tube is made from stainless steel, making it malleable and able to maintain a particular shape.
Figure 1Salsuction (FUJIFILM Medical Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).
The device can be set as follows. First, place the mouthpiece as usual. Then fix the tube of the aspirator through the axilla and connect the aspirator tube to the Salsuction. Next, place the tip of the tube in the oral cavity. Finally, bend the Salsuction in 2 places and fix it to the bed (Fig. 2A). All of these settings can be completed in less than 30 seconds. The tube rarely interferes with the operation of the endoscope.
Several reports have described use of the device for continuous saliva suction.
Continuous liquid-suction catheter attachment for endoscope reduces volume of liquid reflux to the mouth in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Continuous liquid-suction catheter attachment for endoscope reduces volume of liquid reflux to the mouth in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
but special settings were required, and continuous suction under all situations was difficult because the degree of suction was affected by the operation of the endoscope. Furthermore, although this method was useful for the suctioning of liquid pooling in the esophageal lumen to prevent backflow into the oral cavity, suctioning of saliva in the oral cavity itself was difficult.
In a second report, the suction tube was integrated into the mouthpiece
; fine-tuning the position of the suction tube during the examination was difficult, depending on where the saliva was collecting. However, this device is inexpensive (costing about USD $3), easy to set up, can easily change suction position in the oral cavity when manipulated from outside the body, and can be used in all cases, regardless of the endoscopic manipulations. Because time-consuming treatments such as ESD, endoscopic hemostasis for the upper GI tract, and ERCP often increase saliva production, this device can be constantly used to prevent aspiration. Furthermore, because the risk of aspiration, regardless of the examination time, is high, this device can be used for procedures in elderly patients and for Lugol voiding during examinations. In addition, in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, saliva can be a source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
for endoscopists and assistants, and this device might be useful for preventing salivary transmission of the virus.
This device has the potential to prevent aspiration pneumonia during upper GI endoscopic procedures, including ERCP. Further clinical studies examining larger samples and randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the incidence of aspiration pneumonia.
Continuous saliva suction tube to prevent aspiration pneumonia during upper GI endoscopy.
References
Hatta W.
Koike T.
Okata H.
et al.
Continuous liquid-suction catheter attachment for endoscope reduces volume of liquid reflux to the mouth in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
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