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Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective modality for substantial long-term weight loss. Although patients experience 60% to 80% excess weight loss after RYGB, about one-third of these patients experience weight regain and relapse of obesity-related pathologies over time.
Transoral outlet reduction (TORe) of the gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) and type 1 distalization of the Roux limb have separately shown promising outcomes as treatment modalities for weight regain in RYGB patients.
Conversion of standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to distal bypass for weight loss failure and metabolic syndrome: 3-year follow-up and evolution of technique to reduce nutritional complications.
Transoral outlet reduction with full thickness endoscopic suturing for weight regain after gastric bypass: a large multicenter international experience and meta-analysis.
Although multiple surgical revisions have been proposed, type 1 distalization with biliopancreatic limb elongation offers the best weight loss and nutritional profile.
Transoral outlet reduction with full thickness endoscopic suturing for weight regain after gastric bypass: a large multicenter international experience and meta-analysis.
and distalization resulting in a 6-point decrease in body mass index (BMI) in the same time interval are considered appropriate in many circumstances, these figures are not sufficient in patients with BMI above 50 kg/m2. We present a novel approach to address weight regain after RYGB in higher BMI patients, combining the restriction component of TORe and the malabsorption component of distalization in a staged fashion.
Case report
The video (Video 1, available online at www.giejournal.org) highlights our novel approach of TORe followed by Roux limb distalization. We present a case of a 61-year-old woman who underwent open RYGB (BMI of 53.8 kg/m2) in 2003, with a nadir weight loss after 2 years (BMI of 35.6 kg/m2). The patient subsequently experienced weight recidivism, with a peak BMI of 59.3 kg/m2 in 2020 and multiple associated comorbidities. The patient did not respond to extensive exercise or dietary or appropriate medical therapy and did not succeed in losing weight. With her higher BMI, we elected to perform TORe in conjunction with a Roux limb distalization in a staged fashion.
Procedure
TORe
During the endoscopic intervention in June 2021, the pouch measured 40 mm, and the GJA was 35 mm. Epinephrine and methylene blue were injected circumferentially around the GJA to establish a submucosal lift. Using a HybridKnife (Erbe, Marietta, GA), we performed a mucosal incision followed by argon plasma ablation. The gastrojejunal stoma was reduced via the placement of 8 stitches in a zipper-like fashion. To create a tubular shape of the stomach, running U-shaped sutures were placed (Fig. 1).
Two months after TORe (August 2021), the patient was taken to the operating room for laparoscopic type 1 distalization of the Roux limb. After adhesiolysis, the Roux limb (Fig. 2), and the biliopancreatic limb (Fig. 3) were identified and measured. The Roux limb measured 125 cm, and the biliopancreatic limb was 75 cm. The whole common channel was measured at 325 cm (Fig. 4), yielding a total alimentary limb length (Roux + common channel) of 450 cm (Fig. 5). To elongate the biliopancreatic limb, we resected the Roux limb as it entered the jejunojejunostomy (Figs. 6 and 7) and then distalized it 75 cm further on the common channel for a new total alimentary limb length of 375 cm and a new biliopancreatic limb length of 150 cm (Fig. 8).
The patient had no adverse events in the intraoperative or postoperative period. The patient’s BMI dropped from 59.3 to 44 kg/m2 (17.3% of total weight loss) 6 months after TORe and 4 months after distalization. The associated GERD, sleep apnea, dumping, and hypoglycemia were resolved at 6-month follow-up. Thus, the novel procedure of a staged TORe and distalization can present an excellent alternative for weight regain management in higher BMI patients status post RYGB.
Disclosure
Dr Abu Dayyeh has a provision of material/funding from Apollo Enosurgery, Boston Scientific, and Medtronic; receives consulting fees from Boston Scientific; and receives payment of honoraria for lectures, presentations from Olympus. All other authors disclosed no financial relationships.
Conversion of standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to distal bypass for weight loss failure and metabolic syndrome: 3-year follow-up and evolution of technique to reduce nutritional complications.
Transoral outlet reduction with full thickness endoscopic suturing for weight regain after gastric bypass: a large multicenter international experience and meta-analysis.
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